Operating and Environmental Cost Considerations Comparison for Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Architecture Variants

Abstract A promising solution for sustainable aviation is hybrid-electric propulsion, which gaining popularity in recent years. However, propulsion variants are affected by the technological maturity of electric components, have a direct impact on electrification benefit, compared to conventional propulsive configurations. This work aims investigating three different Entry Into Service dates, i.e., 2027, 2030, and 2040, two configurations, namely Series Parallel. Six hybrid sized, one each date configuration, using an in-house tool, their mission performance metrics, operating costs, environmental aircraft with assumptions 2014. Results indicate that Parallel promise block fuel energy reduction up 33 % 28 respectively whereas show respective 66 58 accordingly. Moreover, 2027 has reduced annual costs turnaround point exists becomes more economical operate, both Reference after 2030. Finally, Life Cycle Assessment suggests lower configurations better scores than aircraft. The 2030 22.8 59.8 respectively, reference